HSV to CMYK refers to the process of converting a color from the HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) color model to the CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key/Black) color model.
What is HSV?
HSV stands for Hue, Saturation, and Value.
Hue represents the color type and is usually expressed in degrees (0° to 360°).
Saturation measures the intensity of the color (0% to 100%).
Value (Brightness) represents how light or dark the color is (0% to 100%).
What is CMYK?
CMYK stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key (Black). It is a subtractive color model used in color printing.
Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow are the primary colors used for printing, and Black is added for depth and detail.
The values are expressed as percentages, ranging from 0% to 100%.
How to Convert HSV to CMYK:
The conversion from HSV to CMYK requires a few intermediate steps. Here's how it works:
Normalize the HSV values:
Make sure that Saturation (S) and Value (V) are in the range 0 to 1 (if they are not already).
S' = S / 100 and V' = V / 100 to normalize them to the 0–1 range.
Convert HSV to RGB:
The first step is to convert HSV to RGB since it's easier to calculate CMYK from RGB.
For this, you need the Hue (H) value:
Divide H by 60° to determine which sector of the HSV color wheel the color belongs to (6 sectors in total):
C = V' * S' (Chroma).
X = C * (1 - |(H / 60) % 2 - 1|).
m = V' - C (the adjustment factor).
Then, the RGB components are calculated based on the sector where the hue falls:
For the sector:
0° ≤ H < 60°: RGB = (C, X, 0)
60° ≤ H < 120°: RGB = (X, C, 0)
120° ≤ H < 180°: RGB = (0, C, X)
180° ≤ H < 240°: RGB = (0, X, C)
240° ≤ H < 300°: RGB = (X, 0, C)
300° ≤ H < 360°: RGB = (C, 0, X)
Finally, add m to each RGB component.
Convert RGB to CMYK:
Once you have RGB values, you can convert them to CMYK.
Normalize the RGB values (between 0 and 1) by dividing each by 255.
K = 1 - max(R', G', B').
If K < 1, calculate:
C = (1 - R' - K) / (1 - K)
M = (1 - G' - K) / (1 - K)
Y = (1 - B' - K) / (1 - K).
If K = 1 (pure black), set C = M = Y = 0.
Convert CMYK values to percentages:
Multiply each value by 100 to get the final percentage values.
Example Conversion:
Let's say we have HSV(360°, 100%, 100%) (which is red). We can follow the steps:
Normalize HSV:
S' = 100 / 100 = 1.0
V' = 100 / 100 = 1.0
Convert HSV to RGB:
C = V' * S' = 1.0 * 1.0 = 1.0
X = C * (1 - |(360° / 60) % 2 - 1|) = 1.0 * 0 = 0.0
m = V' - C = 1.0 - 1.0 = 0.0
The hue is in the 0° to 60° sector, so RGB = (C, X, 0) = (1.0, 0.0, 0.0).
Convert RGB to CMYK:
R' = 1.0, G' = 0.0, B' = 0.0
max(R', G', B') = 1.0, min(R', G', B') = 0.0
K = 1 - max(R', G', B') = 1 - 1.0 = 0.0
C = (1 - R' - K) / (1 - K) = (1 - 1.0 - 0.0) / 1 = 0.0
M = (1 - G' - K) / (1 - K) = (1 - 0.0 - 0.0) / 1 = 1.0
Y = (1 - B' - K) / (1 - K) = (1 - 0.0 - 0.0) / 1 = 1.0
CMYK values:
C = 0%
M = 100%
Y = 100%
K = 0%
Final CMYK:
For HSV(360°, 100%, 100%), the CMYK equivalent is:
C: 0%
M: 100%
Y: 100%
K: 0%
In Summary:
To convert HSV to CMYK, you first need to convert HSV to RGB, and then convert RGB to CMYK. This process can be broken down into a few simple steps of intermediate calculations.